4 For better, for worse, or both? 125 in their constructs to improve between-family estimates. Moreover, regarding H2, we could not use credibility intervals to test significance of variances because the priors excluded negative values (McNeish & Hamaker, 2019). Instead, we followed recent recommendations to look at the ratio of the standard deviation versus the fixed effect (Bolger et al., 2019; Bülow, Neubauer, et al., 2022). Furthermore, to test H4, we could not compare all found subgroups on their mean score of trait environmental sensitivity because most subgroups were too small (ns ≤ 17). Therefore, we combined several subgroups. RESULTS Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Descriptive statistics and correlations are reported in Table 2. The ICCs indicated that 64% to 76% of the variance in the bi-weekly measures was due to stable between-family variance. The remaining 24% to 36% was due to over-time within-family changes. Within-family (rs = -.43 to .52) and between-family (rs = -.80 to .82) correlations were in the same direction but different in strength. Additionally, with respect to the between-family correlations, adolescents with higher trait levels of environmental sensitivity reported less parental support (r = -.22), more parental psychological control (r = .32), lower self-esteem (r = -.34), and more depressive and anxiety symptoms (rs = .42 and .44), compared to adolescents with lower trait levels. Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Within- and Between-Family Level Correlations Variables Correlations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. Parental psychological control - -.29* -.16* .22* .16* - 2. Parental support -.68* - .15* -.17* -.10* - 3. Adolescent self-esteem -.54* .46* - -.50* -.43* - 4. Adolescent depressive symptoms .63* -.51* -.80* - .52* - 5. Adolescent anxiety symptoms .45* -.33* -.78* .82* - - 6. Trait environmental sensitivity -.32* .22* -.34* .42* .44* - M 1.33 4.59 3.69 1.69 1.60 4.44 SD 0.56 0.54 0.81 0.61 0.53 0.73 Range 1.0-5.0 1.0-5.0 1.0-5.0 1.0-4.0 1.0-3.0 1.0-6.7 ICC .64 .75 .71 .74 .76 - N 256 256 255 255 255 252 Ttotal 4,659 4,648 4,617 4,612 4,612 252 Note. Correlations above the diagonal line represent within-family correlations and below the diagonal line represent between-family correlations. M = mean. SD = standard deviation. ICC = intraclass correlation. N = sample size. T = number of observations. * p < .001
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