4 For better, for worse, or both? 127 Table 3 DSEM analyses with Parenting and Adolescent Psychological Functioning (APF) Models with parental psychological control (PPC) Self-esteem Depressive symptoms Anxiety symptoms Fixed lagged effects (within-family average) Est. Est. St. 95% CI Est. Est. St. 95% CI Est. Est. St. 95% CI PPC → PPC 0.37 .36* [.30, .44] 0.32 .31* [.25, .38] - - - APF → APF 0.41 .40* [.35, .46] 0.49 .48* [.43, .54] - - - PPC → APF (H1a-b) -0.15 -.13* [-.22, -.07] 0.04 .05* [.01, .08] - - - APF→ PPC -0.10 -.12* [-.14, -.06] 0.06 .06 [-.00, .12] - - - Random effects (between-family variance) σ2 SD/Est 95% CI σ2 SD/Est 95% CI σ2 SD/Est 95% CI PPC → PPC .10 0.85 [.07, .14] .07 0.83 [.05, .10] - - - APF → APF .09 0.73 [.07, .12] .08 0.58 [.06, .10] - - - PPC → APF (H2) .07 1.76 [.03, .14] .02 3.54 [.00, .03] - - - APF → PPC .05 2.24 [.03, .07] .12 5.77 [.08, .16] - - - Models with parental support (PS) Self-esteem Depressive symptoms Anxiety symptoms Fixed lagged effects (within-family average) Est. Est. St. 95% CI Est. Est. St. 95% CI Est. Est. St. 95% CI PS → PS 0.27 .27* [.21, .34] 0.29 .28* [.23, .35] 0.29 .28* [.23, .35] APF → APF 0.39 .38* [.33, .44] 0.49 .48* [.43, .54] 0.50 .49* [.44, .55] PS→ APF (H1c-d) 0.06 .04 [-.04, .16] 0.02 .01 [-.04, .00] -0.06 -.06* [-.11, -.01] APF → PS 0.06 .09* [.03, .09] -0.04 -.05 [-.08, .07] -0.07 -.07* [-.13, -.01] Random effects (between-family variance) σ2 SD/Est 95% CI σ2 SD/Est 95% CI σ2 SD/Est 95% CI PS → PS .08 1.05 [.05, .11] .08 0.98 [.05, .11] .08 0.98 [.06, .12] APF → APF .09 0.77 [.06, .12] .07 0.54 [.05, .10] .07 0.53 [.05, .09] PS→ APF (H2) .12 5.77 [.07, .20] .06 12.25 [.03, .09] .05 3.73 [.03, .08] APF → PS .03 2.89 [.02, .04] .05 5.59 [.03, .07] .08 4.04 [.05, .12] Note. Parameters whose 95% credible interval does not contain zero are shown with an asterisk. Model with parental psychological control and adolescent anxiety symptoms did not converge. PPC = parental psychological control. PS = parental support. APF = adolescent psychological functioning. Est = unstandardized estimate. Est. St. = standardized estimate (i.e., STDYX standardization). P = one-sided p-value. 95% CI = Bayesian Credible Intervals. SD = standard deviation. SD/Est. = standard deviation fixed effect ratio, to inspect whether variance is meaningful, with a criterium of ≥ 0.25 (Bolger et al., 2019). Not all parameter estimates are reported here and for full output see (https://osf.io/8egxf/).
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