1 General introduction 13 functioning. These dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning are characterized by complexity, which requires a further specification of the nature of these dynamic parenting processes. That is, the contemporary understanding of the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning includes several other metatheoretical elements (i.e., processes unfolding within families, the presence of reciprocity, processes unfolding on various timescales, and heterogeneity of processes across families; see Figure 1) which are elaborated below. Figure 1 Summary of the theoretical understanding of parenting adolescents Note. IPARTheory = Interpersonal acceptance and rejection theory. SDT = self-determination theory. TIES model = temporal interpersonal emotions systems model. 1.3 Within a family: Influences between a parent and their own child To understand how parenting relates to adolescent functioning, the linkages between parenting and adolescent functioning have been theoretically described at two distinct levels: between-family differences and within-family processes (Smetana, 2017). Many studies have been focusing on differences between families. That is, the groundbreaking work of Baumrind (Baumrind, 1971, 1991) distinguished three stable parenting styles that differed between parents and families. These typologies were based on the two
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw