Chapter 5 154 Parental Autonomy Support Parental autonomy support is defined by (a) the provision of choice and allowance of independent decision-making and (b) acknowledgment and interest in the adolescent’s perspective (Soenens et al., 2017). To capture both components, adolescents rated two items adapted from a 4-item daily autonomy support scale (Van Der Kaap-Deeder et al., 2017). The items were: “My parent allowed me to make my own plans” (independent decision-making) and “My parent took my point of view into account” (acknowledgment of perspective). Internal consistency of the 2-item scale was sufficient at the within-family (r = .46, p < .001) and good at the between-family level (r = .76 p < .001). Parental Warmth Parental warmth includes (a) provision of affection and (b) parental care and responsiveness (Soenens et al., 2017), which were rated by adolescents with two items. The items were adapted from a Dutch daily diary study (Keijsers et al., 2016). The items were: “The relationship with my parent was enjoyable” and “My parent showed me that she/he cares for me.” Internal consistency of the two items was good at both the withinfamily (r = .64, p < .001) and between-family levels (r = .85, p < .001). Adolescent Affective Well-Being Affective well-being can be defined by high levels of positive affect (i.e., pleasant, desirable feelings) and low levels of negative affect (i.e., unpleasant, undesirable feelings)(Diener et al., 2018). Therefore, to measure daily affective well-being, we used five items from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) (Ebesutani et al., 2012). These items were chosen based on the psychometric properties of the Dutch scale in an adolescent sample from previous work (Bülow, Van Roekel, et al., 2022). Positive affect was measured with two items (“joyful” and “happy”), and negative affect with three items (“mad”, “afraid”, and “sad”). Internal consistency of the positive affect scale was good at both the within-family (r = .76, p < .001) and between-family level (r = .95, p < .001). The internal consistency of the negative affect scale was good at the within-family level (ω = .71) and excellent at the between-family level (ω = .92). Preregistered Analytical Approach To assess how perceived parenting and adolescent affect predicted each other in each family, we used Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling (DSEM) (McNeish & Hamaker,
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