Chapter 6 176 adolescents may be more responsive to both positive and negative parenting practices because of their general heightened sensitivity to the environment (Pluess, 2015). As such, it is crucial to explore how multiple parenting practices are intertwined with an adolescent's well-being, for example by adopting a dynamic network approach (Beltz & Gates, 2017), and to explore how such patterns of associations vary among families. To overcome aforementioned limitations and enhance the empirical understanding of parenting adolescents, the current study applied Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME; Gates et al., 2017). GIMME is a data-driven method for estimating idiographic (in this application, family-specific) dynamic network models of contemporaneous and lagged directed associations among the many included variables. Here, same-day and next-day associations were estimated among five parenting practices (i.e., warmth, autonomy support, psychological control, strictness, and monitoring; Smetana, 2017), which are widely regarded as universally influential in shaping adolescents' well-being (Soenens et al., 2017), and two dimensions of adolescent affective well-being (negative and positive affect; Diener et al., 2018). A visualization of a family-specific network model is shown in Figure 1, including the underlying time-series data. The Subgrouping GIMME algorithm can additionally detect whether the temporal associations in the family-specific networks are shared by the entire sample, shared by a specific subgroup, or are unique to an individual family (Lane et al., 2019). The Current Study Although numerous theories suggest that parents and adolescents influence each other in diverse ways, valid empirical evidence is still needed to determine the degree to which these influences vary across families. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to examine whether daily parent-adolescent dynamics are shared by subgroups of families (i.e., group-differential) or are unique to each family (i.e., idiosyncratic). To achieve this, this family-specific dynamic network study investigated how five key parenting practices interplayed with adolescents’ affect in each family’s everyday life, and whether data-driven subgroups of families exhibited similar patterns of associations. If subgroups emerged, an additional aim was to identify adolescent attributes that potentially explained differences between families of different subgroups (i.e., average levels of daily parenting and affect, adolescent psychological functioning, demographic characteristics, legitimacy beliefs of parental authority, and personality traits).
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