6 Like no other? 193 2019), provide little to no information on how single, unique families function (Molenaar & Campbell, 2009). This study provides evidence that adolescents from different families vary in terms of the parenting practices they respond to and how they respond. While further research is needed to determine to what extent such parent-child dynamics are also dissimilar between siblings from the same family, the current findings already hold significant implications for the formulation of general parenting guidelines and for intervention (and prevention) efforts aimed to improve family dynamics and adolescent well-being. That is, universal guidelines and approaches (e.g., all parents are told that they should be more autonomy-supportive to improve their adolescents’ everyday feelings) might not work similarly for every family. Consequently, parenting scholars might want to be careful in providing generic parenting guidelines to the general public. Parents who attempt to adhere to general advice that misaligns with their unique family dynamics and needs could unintentionally jeopardize their adolescent’s well-being and might experience feelings of incompetence and parenting stress when such generic advice is not working for them. The current findings, as well as studies demonstrating that some families benefit more from parenting programs than others (e.g., Weeland et al., 2023), indicate that tailoring parenting inventions may be an important future direction to improve their efficacy (August & Gewirtz, 2019). Parenting interventions may want to learn from contemporary approaches in clinical psychology and psychiatry (Myin-Germeys et al., 2018), and could, for example, implement self-monitoring by using experience sampling methods or daily diaries (Swendeman et al., 2020). Tracking a dyad’s dynamics in their day-to-day lives can enhance the understanding of the dyad’s idiosyncratic dynamics, including their maladaptive dynamics, which again can be used to tailor the intervention to the specific needs of the dyad. Also tracking parent-adolescent dyads during and after an intervention can be useful in evaluating whether the dyadic dynamics have indeed been changing in the desired direction (Bamberger, 2016). Limitations and Future Directions This pre-registered study applied a novel family-specific network approach to the study of parenting adolescents. Although work is needed to replicate current findings, this study rigorously demonstrated the idiosyncratic nature of how perceived parenting practices were intertwined with adolescent affect over 100 days in 127 individual families. However, this study has several limitations. First, this study may have underestimated the heterogeneity. Although participants were sampled from a rural area and all educational
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