Chapter 7 198 SUMMARY AND GENERAL DISCUSSION Few people are as important for an adolescent’s development as their parents – for better or worse. Numerous theories on human development (Bronfenbrenner, 2005; Sameroff, 2010; Smith & Thelen, 2003) and parenting (Darling & Steinberg, 1993; Soenens et al., 2019) highlight that parenting has a significant impact on adolescents’ everyday functioning and longer-term development. Moreover, how an adolescent feels and behaves is also thought to influence their parents’ behavior (Kuczynski & Parkin, 2007). These dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning (see Figure 1) flow within families on various timescales, from micro- to macro-timescales (Granic et al., 2008; Lougheed & Keskin, 2021), and are likely to vary across families as a function of various individual (e.g., gender and personality of the adolescent) and contextual characteristics (e.g., culture, religion) (Belsky & Pluess, 2009; Darling & Steinberg, 1993). Figure 1 Theoretical model of the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning within families Parenting Adolescent functioning
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