7 Summary and general discussion 201 SUMMARY AND INTEGRATION OF MAIN FINDINGS Table 1 Summary of Main Findings per Chapter Chapter Aim Findings 2 1 Up until the beginning of 2018, 46 studies were published on within-family associations between parenting and adolescent functioning. 1 Parental support, behavioral control, and negative interaction were the most studied parenting dimensions, and adolescent externalizing behavior was the most studied indicator of adolescent functioning. 1 Most of the within-family studies examined concurrent associations and only a few examined (reciprocal) lagged associations. 2 The results of some within-family studies were in line with parenting theories, whereas others found unexpected associations or no associations at all. 2 Within-family associations were typically assessed on a daily or an annual timescale. 3 Few studies examined heterogeneity in the within-family associations. 3 1 Within families, increases in perceived parental support correlated on average with decreases in adolescent depressive symptoms across a bi-weekly to a biennial timescale. 1 Perceived parental support on average did not predict adolescent depressive symptoms within families on varying timescales. 2 Increases in adolescent depressive symptoms predicted on average decreases in perceived parental support two weeks and three months later, but not one day, one year or two years later within families. 3b Limited evidence was found for sex differences or differences between adolescents scoring low vs. high on neuroticism in the lagged effects. 4 3a Different co-existing responsivity-to-parenting patterns were found at the individual level: Some adolescents demonstrated better psychological functioning after perceived decreases in parental psychological control (diathesis stress), others after perceived increases in parental support (vantage sensitive), and some others after perceiving both (differentially susceptible). 3a In contrast to theoretical expectations, still some other adolescents demonstrated worse psychological functioning after perceived increases in parental support or perceived no bi-weekly changes in parenting. 3b Trait scores on environmental sensitivity (i.e., sensory processing sensitivity) were unrelated to the responsivity patterns but were instead related to the perception of greater bi-weekly changes in parenting. 5 3a The direction of effects in day-to-day associations between perceived parenting and adolescent affective functioning was heterogeneous across families: Some showed a reciprocal day-to-day effect, whereas others showed only a parentdriven, an adolescent-driven effect, or no effects at all. 3a Also within the same family, the direction of effects varied across parenting dimensions.
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