7 Summary and general discussion 211 more effectively capture the fine-grained dynamic processes between parenting and adolescents’ functioning within families. 2.4 Concluding remarks of aim 2 To conclude, this dissertation provides novel empirical evidence that the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescents’ functioning within families can indeed be observed on different timescales, particularly on micro- and meso-timescales. Because, to date, micro-timescale but especially meso-timescale within-family studies on parenting adolescents are scarce, future studies are recommended to also focus on these timescales. However, refined theoretical ideas are also needed that explicitly hypothesize about the timescales of interest to guide the design of future studies. Furthermore, my findings indicate that utilizing different timescales can also yield qualitatively different results, especially in terms of the strength of cross-lagged effects between parenting and adolescents’ functioning within families. Therefore, future research is warranted to cautiously, or perhaps not at all, generalize timescale-specific findings to other timescales. Nonetheless, as the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescents’ functioning are generally assumed to be heterogeneous across families (e.g., Bronfenbrenner, 2005; Granic et al., 2008), how parenting and adolescent functioning are intertwined on various timescales might possibly even differ across families. AIM 3: Quantify And Explain Heterogeneity Across Families In Within-Family Parent-Adolescent Dynamics Many developmental and parenting theories converge on the idea that the nature of the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning is likely heterogeneous across families. However, there are different theoretical perspectives on the extent to which the nature of these influences varies across families. On the one hand, so called ‘group-differential’ theories (implicitly) propose that influences differ between subgroups of families because of variation in group-differential characteristics (e.g., parenting style, personality, culture) (Belsky & Pluess, 2009; Darling & Steinberg, 1993; Soenens et al., 2015). On the other hand, bio(psychosocial) ecological models (Bronfenbrenner, 2005; Sameroff, 2010) and dynamic systems theories (Smith & Thelen, 2003; Van Geert & Lichtwarck-Aschoff, 2005) propose that influences between parenting and adolescent functioning are likely unique to each family due to the complex dynamic interplay of many individual and contextual characteristics.
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