7 Summary and general discussion 213 individual family separately) (Beltz et al., 2016; Molenaar & Campbell, 2009). Specifically, in Chapter 6, I combined an idiographic (family-specific) network approach (Gates & Molenaar, 2012) with a data-driven subgrouping procedure (Gates et al., 2017; Lane et al., 2019), by using the 100-day diary data of 129 adolescents. The findings indicated, however, no data-driven subgroups of families who shared similar daily associations between perceived parenting practices (i.e., warmth, autonomy support, psychological control, monitoring, and strictness) and adolescents’ affective functioning. Instead, which of the five investigated parenting practices were intertwined with an adolescent’s affect, and in which manner, was unique to each family. Thus, the dynamic processes between parenting and adolescents’ affective functioning may not vary from subgroup to subgroup but could instead be idiosyncratic. Moreover, by applying a family-specific approach in Chapters 4 to 6, I was able to provide first insights into how the nature of these dynamic processes between parenting and adolescent functioning might be unique to each family. Across studies, I found that some adolescents were more strongly affected than others (and some others not at all) by the same parenting dimensions or practices in terms of their bi-weekly psychological functioning (Chapter 4) or daily affective functioning (Chapters 5 & 6). Relatedly, in Chapter 5 I demonstrate that the direction (i.e., parent-driven, adolescent-driven, or reciprocal) of day-to-day effects varied across families - yet also within the same family across parenting dimensions. Additionally, whether a parenting dimension elicited better or worse functioning in adolescents also differed to some extent across families (see Table 3). To illustrate, when adolescents perceived more parental warmth than usual, 55% experienced fewer anxiety symptoms two weeks later, whereas 22% experienced more anxiety symptoms and 23% experienced no changes in their anxiety symptoms (Chapter 4). Thus, every family could have their own unique one-a-kind recipe: which parenting practices or dimensions are promoting or hindering certain of aspects of the adolescent’s functioning and/or vice versa could be unique to each family.
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