Chapter 1 26 made it possible to search for generalizable principles while using idiographic analysis (Beltz et al., 2016). A so-called bottom-up idionomic approach combines the strengths of two complementary research paradigms: first unit-specific effects are estimated, and then recurring generalizable patterns are identified across units (Moeller et al., 2022; Sanford et al., 2022). Recurrent patterns can be identified by simply describing the variation in unit-specific effects; for instance, by summarizing the proportion of participants for which a particular association was found (e.g., Beyens et al., 2021). Recurrent patterns can also be identified using data-driven procedures, such as with Subgrouping Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimate (S-GIMME; Gates et al., 2017; Lane et al., 2019). Hence, by integrating nomothetic and idiographic approaches, generalizable patterns are empirically established and thus powerfully avoids a one-size-fits-all fallacy. This dissertation took the first steps in detecting such recurring generalizable patterns in family-specific dynamic parenting processes, both using a descriptive (Chapters 4 and 5) and data-driven idionomic approach (Chapter 6). By doing so, this dissertation answered an increasingly loud call for a more differentiated empirical understanding of adolescent development and family functioning (Barbot et al., 2020; Chaku & Beltz, 2022). Figure 4 Timeseries of two adolescents Note. Including daily mean scores for positive affect and perceived parental psychological control across 100 days. Response scale ranged from 0 to 100. See also Chapter 5.
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