2 A systematic review 37 Parenting, however, spans different domains and behaviors. For example, in the monitoring literature, it has been theorized that exerting more behavioral control decreases adolescents’ externalizing problem behavior (Patterson & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1984, but see Kerr & Stattin, 2000). According to the self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), however, an increase in parental psychological control could be followed by a decline in adolescent adaptation via the frustration of the need for autonomy and competence, whereas an increase in parental autonomy support could be followed by an increase in adolescent adaptation because this satisfies the need for autonomy (Soenens et al., 2007). Thus, such parenting theories describe over-time processes through which adolescents’ adaptation fluctuate (i.e., showing less aggressive behavior) in concert with fluctuations in their parent’s behavior (i.e., being stricter), as illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Within-Family Link between Control and Externalizing Problems 0 1 2 3 4 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Behavioral control of the parent Externalizing problem behavior of the adolescent Note. Hypothetical longitudinal data of one individual family assessed five consecutive times, illustrating a negative within-family link between control and externalizing problems (at times when control was high, externalizing problems were lower). In recent years, considerable theoretical steps have been taken in the study of how parenting affects adolescent (mal)adaptation. For example, apart from making a stronger theoretical divide between stable relative differences between families versus dynamic
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