2 A systematic review 41 have demonstrated that adolescents show fewer internalizing problems in families with relatively high levels of support, compared to other families (Pinquart, 2017b). However, parenting theories often describe dynamic processes, in which over-time fluctuations in parenting and adolescent adaptation are linked within the same family. To obtain an overview of the available peer-reviewed within-family studies on parenting and adolescent adaptation, a systematic search was conducted, after which the studies were summarized and discussed. Additionally, specific attention was paid to the aforementioned theoretical concerns of reciprocity, timescales of observation, and heterogeneity. METHOD Search Strategy To assess all the published longitudinal within-family studies on parenting adolescents, eligible peer-reviewed articles were searched in October 2017 with no restriction on publication date. The following electronic databases were consulted: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Collection, MEDLINE, Social Sciences Citation, and ERIC. Keywords were used pertaining to parenting, the age group, the ecological level, and the statistical approach. Hence, it was specified that titles, keywords, or abstracts should contain at least one keyword from each of these four categories: a. Parenting: parent*, family, caregiv*, mother, father, maternal, and paternal. b. Age group: adolescen*, teen, youth, middle school, high school, and secondary school. c. Ecological level: within- or intra- combined with individual, person, adolescent, youth, subject, participant, and family (e.g., within-individual or intra-participant). The terms idiograph*, person-specific, time-varying and single-subject were also used. d. Analysis: multilevel, random effect, random intercept, random slope, fixed effect, mixed model, hierarchical, and time series. Moreover, additional studies were searched through scanning the reference lists of eligible studies and emailing experts (12 out of 17 responded) to ask for studies that were (conditionally) accepted. Researchers who were author of at least two eligible publications were considered experts. The search for eligible studies was completed in May 2018.
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