2 A systematic review 55 longitudinal study again suggested that on days when adolescents reported higher levels of maternal solicitation they also reported higher levels of secrecy, but no lagged effects were found between maternal solicitation and adolescent secrecy (Villalobos Solís et al., 2015). Finally, regarding physical functioning, on days when adolescents reported higher levels of parental knowledge, they also had higher cortisol levels before dinner but not at other times of the day (Lippold, Davis, McHale, & Almeida, 2016). However, because of the relative scarcity of empirical studies examining parental control in relation to other adaptation dimensions than externalizing behavior, most findings have yet to be replicated. Negative parent-child interaction Seventeen studies assessed a within-family association between negative parent-child interaction and adolescent adaptation. Three studies focused on externalizing behavior on a macro timescale and reported mixed findings. Specifically, more negative parentchild interaction were related to more concurrent externalizing behavior (Farrington et al., 2002; Han & Grogan-Kaylor, 2013). However, other studies found no concurrent or lagged associations with a variety of externalizing problem behaviors (Besemer et al., 2016). The six studies concerning internalizing behavior, both on daily and macrolongitudinal processes, showed more consistent results. Overall, the results of most studies suggested that poorer parent-child interactions were concurrently linked to more internalizing problems, such as depressive symptoms, lower self-esteem, and emotional eating (Han & Grogan-Kaylor, 2013; Lam et al., 2016; Lehman & Repetti, 2007; Shanahan et al., 2008; Vandewalle et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2018). Nonetheless, also some nonsignificant concurrent links were found between parental hostility and self-esteem (Han & Grogan-Kaylor, 2013), and parent-child conflict about homework and depressive symptoms (Lam et al., 2016). Similarly as with internalizing behavior, micro-longitudinal studies on negative affect suggested that on days adolescents reported more conflicts with their parents, they reported more negative affect (Bai et al., 2017; Chung et al., 2009; B. M. Reynolds et al., 2016; Robles et al., 2016; Timmons & Margolin, 2015). However, father-child conflict and negative affect (Reynolds et al. 2016) and aversive parental behavior and adolescents’ anxious morning mood (Lehman & Repetti, 2007) were not found to be concurrently related, and no time-lagged effects of parent-child conflict on adolescent-reported negative affect have been found (Timmons & Margolin, 2015).
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