Chapter 3 82 for example, that highly neurotic individuals showed a stronger negative association between daily conflict and daily self-esteem than individuals scoring lower on neuroticism (Denissen & Penke, 2008). In our study, we tested whether adolescents scoring high on neuroticism would show stronger increases in depressive symptoms after perceived parental support declined compared to adolescents scoring low on neuroticism. For the reverse effect from depressive symptoms to perceived parental support, we did not have a specific hypothesis. The Present Study In sum, this preregistered within-family study aimed to add three novel insights to the existing literature. First, by disentangling the direction of effects, we examined not only concurrent associations but also longitudinal cross-lagged within-family associations between perceived parental support and depressive symptoms in adolescents, filling an important scarcity in empirical within-family parenting studies (Boele et al., 2020). Second, by considering various timescales (i.e., daily, bi-weekly, three-monthly, annual, and biennial) and applying an identical analytical approach to each dataset, we illuminated and tested potential differences between short-term and long-term cross-lagged effects. Third, to examine whether adolescents differ in their cross-lagged within-family associations, we tested the moderating role of adolescent sex and neuroticism. All hypotheses and analytical approaches were preregistered. Based on the findings of previous studies at the within-family level (Han & Grogan-Kaylor, 2013; L. H. C. Janssen, Elzinga et al., 2021), we expected that declines in perceived parental support would be concurrently related to increases in adolescent depressive symptoms (H1). Based on the emotional security perspective (Cummings & Davies, 1995) and IPARTheory (Rohner, 2016), we expected that a decline in perceived parental support would be followed by a later increase in adolescent depressive symptoms on all timescales (H2). Conversely, based on interpersonal theories of depression (Coyne, 1976; Rudolph, 2009), we expected that an increase in adolescent depressive symptoms would be followed by an increase in perceived parental support at a short timescale (i.e., from day-to-day) (H3a), but followed by a decline in perceived parental support at a longer timescale (i.e., from year-to-year or longer), representing relationship erosion (H3b). We explored whether relationship erosion processes were already present at intermediate timescales (i.e., bi-weekly and three-monthly time interval). Moreover, we tested whether girls (H4) and adolescents scoring high on neuroticism (H5) would show a stronger increase in depressive symptoms after declines in perceived parental support, compared to boys and
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw