Chapter 3 88 Measures Parental Support Parental support was assessed with five items from the Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI; Furman & Buhrmester, 1985) (e.g., “How much did your mother/father really care about you?”). The response scale ranged from 1 (little to none) to 5 (the most). The separate mean scores for maternal and paternal support correlated strongly (r = .75, p < .001) and were combined into one score of parental support. Cronbach’s alpha of parental support was .92, .93, and .92 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Depressive Symptoms The Children’s Depression Inventory II (CDI-II; Timbremont, Braet, & Roelofs, 2008) was used to measure depressive symptoms. The CDI-II consists of 28 items (e.g., “I am sometimes sad/I am often sad/I am always sad”), in which each item has three response options. A sum score of all items was created and Cronbach’s alpha was .87, .86, and .88 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Neuroticism Neuroticism was measured once at T0 with two items (i.e., see Dataset 1) from the TIPI (Gosling et al., 2003), which correlated moderately (r = .37, p < .001). The response scale ranged from 1 (not at all true/very true) to 7 (very true/not at all true). METHOD DATASET 4 (ANNUAL) Participants Data were used from the ongoing study “Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics” (Huinink et al., 2011). In the pairfam study, children are included when they are at least 8 years old but treated as adult participants when 16 years and older. As the current study is about adolescents, our minimum age requirement was 10. Our maximum age requirement derived from the fact that the adolescent survey stopped at the age of 16 years. Because our longitudinal time span was 3 years, we could only include adolescents in the current study if they were between 10 and 13 years old at the age of inclusion in our sample (either T1, T4, or T7). Included adolescents were subsequently followed for three consecutive measurement waves (i.e., T1-T3, T4-T6, and T7-T9). Thus, within the sample, we made three batches of participants who started at different time points but were all measured for three consecutive measurement waves within the age range of 10-15 years.
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