Chapter 3 98 Specifically, in contrast to our expectation, a small positive effect was found of perceived parental support on depressive symptoms for adolescents scoring low on neuroticism (βs = .15 and .19, p = .032), but not for adolescents scoring high on neuroticism (βs = -.06 and -.08, p = .312). Thus, the adolescents scoring lower on neuroticism showed an increase in depressive symptoms after they experienced an increase in parental support 1 year earlier. Moreover, we explored group differences in the reverse within-family lagged effect from adolescent depressive symptoms to perceived parental support, but no differences were found. Exploratory Analyses In addition to our preregistered analyses, we ran some exploratory replication analyses. We explored whether we could replicate (1) the three-monthly within-family processes with the bi-weekly data and (2) the biennial within-family processes with the annual data, in which we used the same statistical procedure of the pre-registered RI-CLPMs. The parameters of the two models are summarized in Tables C1 and C2 in Appendix C. Indeed, when a different time interval was chosen within an identical dataset, the lagged effects were different than in the preregistered main models. When analyzing threemonthly intervals with the bi-weekly dataset, we did not find significant within-family lagged effects. When analyzing biennial intervals with the annual dataset, we did find one additional lagged effect, in which increased perceived parental support predicted fewer depressive symptoms in adolescents 2 years later (βs = -.11 and -.13, p = .025). This highlights the key premise of our study: The choice of time intervals in analyses matters and yields different effects even within one and the same dataset (Kuiper & Ryan, 2018; Voelkle et al., 2018). Moreover, we explored whether adolescents’ average level of negative affect moderated their daily within-family lagged effect from negative affect to perceived parental support, as a more negative mood is also related to a more negative appraisal of others (Rudolph, 2009). Therefore, as a reaction to their daily increase in negative affect, adolescents with on average lower levels of negative affect might perceive a subsequent supportive parental response, whereas adolescents with on average higher levels of negative affect might be more negatively biased toward their parents and perceive a subsequent decrease in parental support (relationship erosion effect). To test this moderation, we conducted a multi-group model with a median split on negative affect, in which we compared a freely estimated model (for all parameters, see Table D1 in Appendix D) to a model in which the
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