Exploring conservation of cellular-level traits in shade avoidance syndrome among species 5 173 ► Figure 5.4. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) stem elongation in response to FR. C. annuum seedlings were subjected to one week of WL+FR treatment versus WL treatment. (a) Phenotype of pepper in WL and WL+FR. The phenotyping data include measurements of (b) stem length, (c) hypocotyl length, (d) internode 1 length, (e) hypocotyl diameter, and (f) internode1 diameter. The data are presented as mean ± SEM, and different letters indicate significant differences between treatments based on ANOVA analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test (P<0.05). There are 12 biological replicates, and the experiment was repeated twice. The following microscopy analysis results aspects are examined: (g) cell layers thickness from cross sections, (h) number of cell layers from cross section, and (i) cell length from longitudinal section. Asterisks in the figure indicate the significance of differences between WL and WL+FR treatments, with the following significance levels: * p≤0.05; ** p≤0.01; *** p≤0.001. Error bars represent the standard error (SE), and the sample size for each measurement is n=40. (j) Negative logarithm of p values for cell type feature comparison of WL vs WL+FR measurement in pepper.
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