Chapter 1 18 Overall, phenotypic traits linked with SAS are understood in Arabidopsis while the molecular mechanisms are still being resolved. However, not all plants share the rosette growth habit of Arabidopsis. Understanding the regulation of SAS traits in alternative model plants and other dicots will advance our understanding of the SAS for various traits, and reveal how much of the signalling networks and gene regulatory pathways are shared between different species and growth habits. 1.2.4 Hormonal regulation pathways in shade avoidance Shade avoidance regulation is widely studied in Arabidopsis and various crops, and these studies have identified a network of hormones translating light information into developmental responses (Figure 1.5). In crops, responses to shade involve altered growth patterns and physiological changes, affecting both above-ground and belowground structures. Different tissues, such as stems, leaves, and roots, exhibit specific responses to shade conditions. Hormones, such as auxin, gibberellin and brassinosteroid. The interplay of these hormones in the network of shade avoidance responses varies among crops and tissues, contributing to the adaptability of plants to light availability. Figure 1.5. Arabidopsis SAS hormone regulation scheme adapted from literature (Yang and Li, 2017; Wang et al., 2020). Arabidopsis picture adapted from Biorender.com.
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