Chapter 2 38 most characterized are tracheary elements and vessel; 9) Phloem: the principal sugar conducting tissue that connected to xylem. We numbered the layers of each cell type starting from the outermost layer as the first layer in the cross section. At this stage of tomato growth, there is 1 layer of epidermis, 1-3 layers of collenchyma, 1-3 layers of parenchyma, and more than 5 layers of pith. We measured cell layer numbers, cell areas, cell lengths, and cell widths to characterize cell-level anatomical responses to FR. We measured cell layer number, cell diameter, and cell area for individual cell types from cross sections, whereas cell length was measured from longitudinal sections (Figure 2.12). The xylem and phloem were characterized with a different staining method later in this chapter. Figure 2.11. Cell types in M82 internode 1 cross section We first tested if there was an effect of the cultivar or the treatment on the data (Figure 2.12a) and concluded that the cultivars should be treated separately for analysis. We calculated the log fold change of the traits as WL+FR divided by WL, therefore, the result above 0 indicates an increase, below 0 indicates a decrease in the heatmap we plotted with all of the parameters (Figure 2.12b). Among all the selected parameters, the ones that show significance (p<0.05 in WL vs WL+FR, Figure 2.12c) are Interfascicular cambium thickness, Pith layer, Middle pith length, Pith thickness, Parenchyma layer, Collenchyma layer, Collenchyma cell area and Epidermis cell length.
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