39 Harnessing developmental cues for cardiomyocyte production 2 Figure 3. Summary of recent directed cardiac differentiation and expansion protocols for human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Schematics of pluripotent stem cell monolayer-based cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols. The days of each protocol are indicated by the vertical lines. Corresponding articles are shown on the left. Initial stem cell conditions, before the start of the differentiation, are shown to the left of day 0 on each timeline. Differentiation efficiency is indicated on the right side, where D indicates the day on which the differentiation efficiency was measured. The media used for differentiation are indicated by different colors below the time axis, with any additional components listed above the time axis. The red and grey boxes depicted above the time axis indicate activation or inhibition of the Wnt pathway, respectively. Key components responsible for modulating Wnt activity are indicated in bold for Wnt activation or italics for Wnt inhibition. Abbreviations: AA, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate; bFGF/FGF2, basic fibroblast growth factor; BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CHIR, CHIR99021; DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; hESCs, human embryonic stem cells; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells; IWP, inhibitor of Wnt production; KO-DMEM, knockout DMEM; LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblasts; RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; VNT, vitronectin. E8, FDTA and mTeSR1 are stem cell media. C59 and IWR1 are inhibitors of the Wnt pathway. B27 is a commercially available cell culture supplement. Created with BioRender.com.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw