97 4 Diabetes-tuberculosis comorbidity in a low-income setting The median baseline blood glucose was 5.5 mmol/l (IQR 4.8, 6.7), 5.5 mmol/l (IQR 4.9, 6.4) in females, and 5.6 mmol/l (IQR 4.8, 6.8) in males; non-reactive HIV status 5.5 mmol/l (IQR 4.8, 6.8) and 5.5 mmol/l (IQR 4.8, 6.5) for those with a reactive HIV status. Almost all participants (N= 357, 97%) were enrolled for the treatment of drug-sensitive TB, while 323 (87.5%), 29 (7.9%) and 16 (4.3%) were new TB, previously treated and relapse TB respectively. For access to baseline diagnostic and confirmatory TB services, 331 (89.7%) accessed GeneXpert (positive=171, 52%), 117 (33.8%) accessed baseline culture (positive=74, 63%), 202 (54.7%) accessed resistance testing (positive=3, 1.5%); and 175 (47.4%) accessed TB Lam (positive=159, 91%). Few participants had comorbidities at baseline – DM 2.4% (N=9), hypertension 4.3% (N=16) and hypertension & DM 0.5% (N=2). Baseline prevalence of elevated blood glucose The overall prevalence of elevated blood glucose was 8.0%, N=28 (95% CI: 5.5, 11.3); DM 5.1% (95% CI: 3.2, 8.0) and Pre-diabetes 2.8% (95% CI:1.5, 5.2). The prevalence was 9.6% (95% CI: 5.2, 17.0), 4.5% (95% CI: 0.6, 26.3), 8.7% (95% CI: 5.2, 14.2) and 4.5% (95% CI: 1.5, 13.2) in the Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini and Shiselweni regions respectively. Prevalence was 6.8% (95% CI: 3.8, 11.9) in females and 8.9% (95% CI: 5.6, 13.9) in males (p=0.475). The prevalence was 5.6% (95% CI: 1.8, 15.9), 2.4% (95% CI: 0.6, 9.1), 10.1% (95% CI: 5.7, 17.3), 10.2% (95% CI: 4.6, 20.9) and 13.6% (95% CI: 6.2, 27.3) in those aged <25 years, 25 - 34 years, 35 – 44 years, 45 – 54 years and ≥55 years. In patients with a non-reactive HIV status, the prevalence was 3.4% (95% CI: 1.1, 9.9) and 9.5% (95% CI: 6.5, 13.7) in those with a reactive HIV status (p=0.027). Table 1: Descriptive characteristics of participants in the study Normal glucose (N=324) Elevated glucose* (N=28) Total (N = 369)** Sex Female 150 (46.3%) 11 (39.3%) 167 (45.3%) Male 174 (53.7%) 17 (60.7%) 202 (54.7%) Age <25 51 (15.8%) 3 (10.7%) 54 (14.7%) 25-34 82 (25.5%) 2 (7.1%) 91 (24.8%) 35-44 98 (30.4%) 11 (39.3%) 115 (31.3%) 45-54 53 (16.5%) 6 (21.4%) 62 (16.9%) 55+ 38 (11.8%) 6 (21.4%) 45 (12.3%) Mean (SD) 38.09 (13.11) 42.21 (12.29) 38.36 (12.91) Marital status Married 79 (25.5%) 11 (44.0%) 93 (26.6%) Single/widowed 231 (74.5%) 14 (56.0%) 256 (73.4%)
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