24 Chapter 2 Abstract Objective The Netherlands hosts three population-based cancer screening programmes (CSPs): for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. For a CSP to be effective high participation rates are essential. Current participation rates in the Netherlands are starting to fall below the minimal effective rate. This study aims to give a systematic overview of the current known determinants of (non-)attendance at the Dutch oncological screening programmes. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Libary, Embase, EMCare, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science as well as in grey literature, including all articles published before February 2018. This study followed the PRIMSA guidelines. The I-Change model was used to categorise the identified determinants of screening attendance. Results In total 19/1232 identified studies were included, along with 6 grey literature reports. Fifteen studies reported on predisposing factors. Characteristics as social economic status, country of birth and residency are most often reported and correlate with screening attendance. Thirteen studies addressed information factors. Factors on awareness, motivation, ability, and barriers were less often studied. Conclusion Current studies tend to describe the general characteristics of (non-)attendance and (non-)attenders, but rarely provide in depth information on other factors of (non-) participation. The I-Change model proofed to be a useful tool in mapping current knowledge on cancer screening attendance and revealed knowledge gaps regarding determinants of (non-)participation at the CSPs. More research is needed to fully understand determinants of participation. This in order to influence and optimize attendance rates over the long term.
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