66 Chapter 2 (continued) PRISMA 2009 Checklist Section/topic # Checklist item Reported on page # Additional analyses 16 Describe methods of additional analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done, indicating which were pre-specified. - RESULTS Study selection 17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram. 5, Figure 2 Study characteristics 18 For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the citations. Sup. Table 1/2 Risk of bias within studies 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12). 5 Results of individual studies 20 For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each intervention group (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot. Table 3 Synthesis of results 21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency. - Risk of bias across studies 22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15). 5 Additional analysis 23 Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]). - DISCUSSION
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