José Manuel Horcas Nieto

213 7 General Discussion REFERENCES 1. Ling, C. et al. Rebalancing of mitochondrial homeostasis through an NAD +-SIRT1 pathway preserves intestinal barrier function in severe malnutrition. EBioMedicine 96, (2023). 2. Perlman, M., Senger, S., Verma, S., Carey, J. & Faherty, C. S. A foundational approach to culture and analyze malnourished organoids. Gut Microbes 15, (2023). 3. Kretzschmar, K. & Clevers, H. Organoids: Modeling Development and the Stem Cell Niche in a Dish. Developmental Cell vol. 38 590–600 Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1016/j. devcel.2016.08.014 (2016). 4. Sato, T. et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature 459, 262–265 (2009). 5. Casamitjana, J., Espinet, E. & Rovira, M. Pancreatic Organoids for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 10, (2022). 6. Barker, N. et al. Lgr5+ve Stem Cells Drive Self-Renewal in the Stomach and Build LongLived Gastric Units In Vitro. Cell Stem Cell 6, 25–36 (2010). 7. Barkauskas, C. E. et al. Lung organoids: Current uses and future promise. Development (Cambridge) 144, 986–997 (2017). 8. Lancaster, M. A. et al. Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly. Nature 501, 373–379 (2013). 9. Lancaster, M. A. & Knoblich, J. A. Organogenesisin a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science (1979) 345, (2014). 10. Perez-Lanzon, M., Kroemer, G. & Maiuri, M. C. Organoids for Modeling Genetic Diseases. in International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology vol. 337 49–81 (Elsevier Inc., 2018). 11. Hu, W. & Lazar, M. A. Modelling metabolic diseases and drug response using stem cells and organoids. Nature Reviews Endocrinology vol. 18 744–759 Preprint at https:// doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00733-z (2022). 12. Arvidsson Kvissberg, M. E. et al. Inhibition of mTOR improves malnutrition induced hepatic metabolic dysfunction. Sci Rep 12, (2022). 13. Hu, G. et al. The role of the tryptophan-NAD + pathway in a mouse model of severe malnutrition induced liver dysfunction. Nat Commun 13, (2022). 14. van Zutphen, T. et al. Malnutrition-associated liver steatosis and ATP depletion is caused by peroxisomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Hepatol 65, 1198–1208 (2016). 15. Sugimoto, S. & Sato, T. Organoid vs In Vivo Mouse Model: Which is Better Research Tool to Understand the Biologic Mechanisms of Intestinal Epithelium? CMGH 13, 195–197 (2022). 16. Zhao, Z. et al. Organoids. Nature Reviews Methods Primers 2, (2022). 17. Hirt, C. K. et al. Drug screening and genome editing in human pancreatic cancer organoids identifies drug-gene interactions and candidates for off-label therapy. Cell Genomics 2, (2022). 18. Zhang, S. et al. Integration of organoids in peptide drug discovery: Rise of the highthroughput screening. VIEW (2023) doi:10.1002/VIW.20230010.

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