45 2 Mobile applications in gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review Study Country Study design Control group Follow -up Surgical procedure Participants App category Main app functions Study outcomes Type N= Age Rauwerdink 2019 Netherlands Study Protocol RCT Yes 42 days Colorectal surgery Patients 156 (sample size) - Postoperative recovery - Informative library - Daily recovery milestones - Push notifications - Daily questionnaires - Connection with activity tracker - Adherence to recovery protocol - Postoperative outcomes - Satisfaction Bertocchi 2021 Italy Study protocol observational study No - Colorectal surgery Patients 270 - Postoperative recovery - Education materials - Daily recovery milestones - Push notifications - Self-reported assessment for symptoms - Confidence using the app - Compliance ERAS elements - Hospital stay, admission rate, complications Kowalewski 2017 Germany Validation study Yes - General gastrointestinal surgery Surgeonsresidentsstudents 54; 51 NS Education - Cognitive task simulation - Practice of surgical procedures - Surgeons out-performed students (construct validity) - The app aids in the learning and assessment process of the necessary aspects (content validity) - The app represents the reality of the training situation (face validity) Gaj 2017 Italy RCT Yes - Colorectal surgery Patients 63; 63 35; 32 Education - 3D model of lower abdomen - Significantly higher degree of clarity doctor (4.4 vs 3.5) - Significantly higher patient satisfaction (4.2 vs 3.5) Yiğitoğlu 2021 Turkey Prospective cohort Yes 3 months Colorectal (ostomy) Patients 30 60 51; 55 Education - Education materials - No difference in psychosocial adjustment - No difference in stoma related problems
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