189 General discussion 8 Appendix B. Reference values for the athletic profile of female swimmers on track to reach the elite level, categorized by age. Established, international senior elite female swimmers 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Minimal level of swim performance (%WR) 129.1 121.3 117.5 115.1 113.9 112.6 111.9 Mean swim performance (%WR) 115.7 ± 2.1 111.4 ± 1.5 109.0 ± 1.2 107.6 ± 1.1 107.0 ± 1.1 106.5 ± 1.0 106.3 ± 1.0 Within season progression (%) 16.9 ± 4.1 20.9 ± 4.9 21.6 ± 5.5 23.8 ± 3.9 22.8 ± 3.8 23.0 ± 3.4 24.8 ± 3.3 Pacing behavior (50-100m %) 48.28 - 51.72 48.28 - 51.72 48.29 - 51.71 48.29 - 51.71 48.30 - 51.70 48.30 - 51.70 48.30 - 51.70 Pacing behavior (50-100-150-200m %) 23.23 - 25.44 - 25.97 - 25.36 23.27 - 25.45 - 25.93 - 25.35 23.30 - 25.42 - 25.90 - 25.38 23.32 - 25.40 - 25.87 - 25.41 23.35 - 25.37 - 25.84 - 25.44 23.37 - 25.35 - 25.81 - 25.47 23.40 - 25.33 - 25.78 - 25.49 Dutch youth female swimmers on track to reach the elite level 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Mean swim performance (%WR) 122.3 ± 2.5 119.1 ± 2.6 115.6 ± 1.9 109.0 ± 1.0 108.6 ± 0.9 108.4 ± 0.8 Start (%) 110.0 ± 5.3 108.7 ± 5.5 106.8 ± 5.3 Turn (%) 100.5 ± 4.1 99.5 ± 4.4 99.2 ± 4.9 Maximal swimming velocity (%) 95.6 ± 3.4 96.1 ± 2.7 98.5 ± 2.6 100.8 ± 3.0 101.2 ± 3.1 100.8 ± 3.1 Stroke index (%) 82.7 ± 4.3 82.7 ± 4.5 86.1 ± 5.4 93.5 ± 3.7 94.2 ± 3.8 94.3 ± 4.3 Lower body power (cm) 42.7 ± 5.0 44.6 ± 4.9 46.5 ± 3.6 Lower body power (W/kg) 32.2 ± 3.6 32.4 ± 4.3 35.1 ± 6.2 Height (cm) 167.8 ± 7.3 171.2 ± 5.7 174.0 ± 3.2 177.4 ± 7.2 Self-regulation of learning (reflection processes) 3.6 ± 0.6 Age of Peak Height Velocity (years) 11.5 ± 0.3 Swim training (hours per week) 7.8 ± 1.4 9.3 ± 1.4 11.1 ± 3.0 16.0 ± 2.6 Note. Reference values derived from established, international senior elite swimmers pertain to the 100m Freestyle event, unless otherwise indicated, while those obtained from Dutch youth swimmers on track to reach the elite level cover various events. Swim performance is indicated as the season best time relative to the prevailing World Record (WR). Within season progression is indicated as the percentage change a swimmer has moved towards the prevailing WR.
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