151 5 General Discussion protein ubiquitination for treating chronic inflammatory diseases like COPD, which are often unresponsive to traditional therapies. CONCLUSION AND NEW PERSPECTIVES Based on the results described in this thesis, I believe that studying macrophage metabolic plasticity from multiple different angles is a promising direction that should be implemented for developing more effective therapies for chronic diseases and inflammatory disorders like COPD. In particular, new developments such as single-cell metabolomics and transcriptomics can help study metabolic plasticity at the single-cell level. This approach can reveal heterogeneity within macrophage populations and provide insights into how different macrophage subsets contribute to disease progression. It may also help identify novel metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in specific disease contexts. In summary, I believe that future research should consist of integrated multi-omics approaches, in which metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics data are combined to produce comprehensive molecular profiles of macrophages in different disease states. Integrating these data may help identify key regulators of macrophage plasticity and potential therapeutic targets. In the future, it may be of interest to develop and test drugs that target specific metabolic pathways in macrophages and investigate the therapeutic potential of modulating macrophage metabolism to reduce inflammation. By pursuing these lines of research, the field can gain a deeper understanding of macrophage metabolic plasticity in the context of chronic diseases. This knowledge could pave the way for the development of more targeted and effective treatments, thereby improving the prognosis and quality of life for patients with these conditions.
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