31 Defining vulnerability subgroups among pregnant women Table 1. Characteristics of the study population (including missing data) n (%) Individual characteristics Age 19-23 24-35 >35 306 (7.3) 3528 (84.6) 338 (8.1) Ethnicity Non-Western Western Native Dutch 420 (10.1) 343 (8.2) 3409 (81.7) Parity* Nullipara Primipara, multipara Missing 1755 (42.1) 2410 (57.8) <10 (<0.2) Asylum seeker status Yes No 39 (0.9) 4133 (99.1) Socioeconomic characteristics Educational level Low Moderate High Missing 328 (7.9) 1513 (36.3) 2303 (55.2) 28 (0.7) Household income Low Moderate High Missing 202 (4.8) 3348 (80.2) 591 (14.2) 31 (0.7) Socioeconomic position No income/ receiving benefits Student Paid work Missing 532 (12.8) 82 (2.0) 3502 (83.9) 56 (1.3) Debts and payment arrears Yes No 45 (1.1) 4127 (98.9) Insufficient financial resources Yes No Missing 524 (12.6) 3267 (78.3) 381 (9.1) Permanent contract No Yes 1929 (46.2) 2243 (53.8) Full-time contract No Yes 1925 (46.1) 2247 (53.9) Lifestyle factors Smoking Yes No Missing 661 (15.8) 3315 (79.5) 196 (4.7) Alcohol use Yes (excessive) No Missing 418 (10.0) 3503 (84.0) 251 (6.0) Physical activity Less than recommended As recommended or more Missing 1696 (40.7) 2158 (51.7) 318 (7.6) Body Mass Index (BMI) Unhealthy BMI Healthy BMI Missing 1386 (33.2) 2641 (63.3) 145 (3.5) Household characteristics Type of household One-person/ parent household Other 353 (8.5) 3819 (91.5) Marital status Unmarried Married 2147 (51.5) 2025 (48.5) Dissolution of marriage Yes No 58 (1.4) 4114 (98.6) 2
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