Chapter 5 160 Supplementary materials 5 Serum hormone measurement methods At the University Hospital Ghent, serum testosterone measurements were conducted using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche Diagnostics) with a lower limit of quantitation 0.42 nmol/L, and an interassay coefficient of variation of 3.2%. Serum estradiol measurements were conducted using ECLIA (Roche Diagnostics) with a lower limit of quantitation of 91.8 pmol/L and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 2.6%. For participants at the Sourasky Medical Center, serum hormone levels were tested via participants’ health insurance companies. The serum testosterone measurements and serum estradiol levels were measured using immunoassay (using either the Advia Centaur XPT system or the Abbot Architect Analyzer). At the Florence University Hospital, serum testosterone measurements were conducted using ECLIA (ROCHE COBAS e801) with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.4 nmol/L, and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 6.8%. Serum estradiol measurements were conducted using ECLIA (ROCHE COBAS e801) with a lower limit of quantitation of 91.8 pmol/L and an interassay coefficient of variation of 3.6%. At the Amsterdam University Medical Centers, serum testosterone measurements were conducted using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS; Amsterdam UMC) with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.1 nmol/L, and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of 4% to 9%. Serum estradiol measurements were conducted using LC-MS/MS (Amsterdam UMC) with a lower limit of quantitation of 20 pmol/L and an inter-assay coefficient of variation of <7%. Reference values in the cisgender popluation For non-hypogonadal cisgender males, the reference ranges of testosterone are between 9 nmol/L and 30 nmol/L and reference values of estradiol are between 12 pmol/L and 136 pmol/L (Amsterdam UMC Endocrinologisch Lab et al., z.d.; Verdonk et al., 2019).
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