Chapter 8 228 Table 8.1. (continued) First author, year of publication Included participants (age range or mean) Study design and duration Hormone measurement and/or intervention Study quality Depression (symptom) assessment Sleep assessment subjective (S) and objective (O) Results: sex hormones and sleep Results: sex hormones and depressive symptoms Results: association sleepdepressive symptoms Lee et al., 2000 34 women, 22 of whom ovulated (high luteal progesterone levels) and 12 of whom did not (low luteal progesterone levels) (age range 25-39, mean age 32) Prospective case-control study (one menstrual cycle, measurement in follicular and luteal phase) No intervention Blood samples to measure progesterone and estrogen Good CES-D and POMS S: POMS fatigue scale O: Sleep PSG Luteal phase P levels and sleep: NS. Menstrual cycle and total sleep time, SOL, SE or WASO in whole group: NS. Low luteal progesterone group = ↑ WASO, longer REM latency and ↑ % REM sleep high luteal progesterone group. ↑ P in luteal phase = ↑ POMS mood during luteal phase*. Correlation with CES-D or the specific POMS depression score: NS. Low luteal P group (vs. high luteal P group): ↓ positive mood state POMS score from follicular to luteal phase: ↓*. POMS and sleep in follicular phase: NS. ↑ increase in REM latency from follicular to luteal phase = worse mood in luteal phase*. ↓ POMS mood = ↓ sleep time duration. Li et al, 2015. 19 women, (age range 18-43, mean age 34) Prospective observational cohort study (42 days) No intervention Assessment of urinary E1G and PdG Good Mood items from the DLQ S: Previous Nights’ Sleep, Daytime Sleepiness from the DLQ O: Actigraphy (n=13) ↑ E1G = ↑ SE*. ↑ PdG = ↓ SE*. NR ↑ Previous night’s sleep positively = ↑ positive mood** ↓ negative mood**
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