Chapter 8 230 2.6. Quality Assessment Quality assessment of each article was performed in duplicate by MM and DW by using National Institute of Health Quality Assessment tools that matched the study setup (National Institutes of Health, 2014). Each article was rated Good, Fair or Poor, according to the criteria from the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment tool that was used. Inter-rater agreement for quality assessment was 85%. Conflicts were resolved by BB as third reviewer. The specific tool used and full ratings per item are reported in the results, the full rating per item and used tool are supplied in Appendix 8.1. 3. Results 3.1. Selection of included studies Our search identified 4142 studies, of which 2895 remained after duplicate removal. 2855 studies were then excluded based on abstract and title. Full text screening of 40 studies, based on inclusion criteria, resulted in 13 included studies. Figure 8.1 also displays the full selection procedure. Two out of thirteen studies were sourced from the same participant group (Freeman et al., 2004 and Hollander et al., 2001). 3.2. Designs and quality of the included studies Ten studies were prospective, three studies were cross-sectional, and no studies were retrospective. The quality of the included studies was reasonably good; five studies were deemed of fair quality and eight studies were deemed to be of good quality (National Institutes of Health, 2014, full quality assessment form available in Appendix 8.2). Three out of the thirteen studies assessed effects of a sex hormone intervention (Ben Dor et al., 2013; Gingnell et al., 2013; Toffol et al., 2019) and eleven out of thirteen studies assessed associations with endogenous sex hormone levels (Antonijevic et al., 2003; Baker et al., 2012; de Zambotti et al., 2015; Freeman et al., 2004; Hollander et al., 2001; Kische et al., 2016; Kravitz et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2000; Li et al., 2015; Shechter et al., 2012). Three of the studies included a patient group next to the control group, this group being either a group of depressed patients or women suffering from premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). The depressed patients from Antonijevic et al., 2003 were
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