OC, depressive and insomnia symptoms in adult women with and without depression 53 2.5.2. Moderation analysis of depression status To assess whether contraceptive status was associated with depressive symptoms (including atypical depressive symptoms) and insomnia symptoms in never depressed controls differently than in (previously) depressed participants, the psychiatric history was incorporated in two interaction terms (one for remitted depression and one for current depression). Participants’ depression status (i.e., never, remitted or currently depressed) was then added through the addition of interaction terms with the OC use variable in the multivariable models. 2.5.3. Post hoc analyses A post-hoc analysis was conducted to enable differentiation in within- and between-person estimates of OC use. Within- and between-person effects were assessed through the incorporation of two predictors for OC use instead of one: one predictor was OC use centered per participant (e.g. within cluster centering, with each participant representing one cluster of measurements), the other predictors was OC use but centered within the group mean, as recommended in Enders & Tofighi (2007) and Hamaker & Muthén (2020). These between- and within-person predictors were assessed for all main outcomes (diagnoses of depression and dysthymia, severity of depressive symptoms (including atypical symptoms of depression), and insomnia symptoms in the multivariate models which included adjustments for age, highest education and birth country. Furthermore, in post-hoc analysis, individual sleep-related items from the IDS-SR and the WHI-IRS were analyzed per item to explore whether specific sleep complaints (e.g., trouble falling asleep, waking up during the night) were associated with contraceptive status. Results for this analysis are provided in Supplementary Materials 2.A. 3. Results 3.1. Demographics We analyzed data from 1205 participants who contributed to 3214 observations. Of these observations, 1301 (40.5%) reported current OC use and 1913 (59.5%) reported they were naturally cycling at the time of
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