128 Chapter 5 Dutch and British guidelines regarding people with mental health problems [14,20] do not meet the needs of the MHNs due to the lack of intervention options. Therefore, MHNs feel that it is inconvenient to uphold what these guidelines prescribe. A recent scoping review examined the educational, behavioral, and physical interventions to improve oral health among patients diagnosed with a mental health disorder [11]. An important conclusion of this review was that, despite the importance of good oral hygiene, few interventions have been developed for MHNs. Although the interventions that do exist were shown to be effective in the short term (< 1 year), these interventions were developed without the involvement of the end users of these interventions (i.e., mental health professionals). It is unclear what has been missed while developing these interventions. An important reason the development of new interventions is often unsuccessful lies in the fact that developers of (medical) interventions do not thoroughly understand the perspective of the end users. Interventions are often developed on a theoretical basis without actively involving the target group [21]. Many organizations fail to consider the MHNs as end users of interventions, and therefore, the starting point of the design process [22]. Thus, interventions to support patients with a psychotic disorder should address the needs of MHNs as end users. Therefore, MHNs, as well as experts by experience, should be involved in the development of interventions. The involvement and engagement of MHNs as end users will increase the chances of developing effective interventions [23]. The current research project was undertaken as a first step in a longer design-oriented project that aims to design mental health nursing intervention(s) for oral health care in patients with a psychotic disorder. Specifically, we sought to increase clarity regarding the attitudes, barriers and needs, and suggestions of MHNs to provide support for maintaining and increasing oral health in patients with a psychotic disorder. The outcomes of this study might lead to validated personas with useful insights into MHNs regarding maintaining and increasing oral health. These personas can serve as an empathic handover in the development of oral health nursing interventions [24].
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