13 General introduction has primarily been on individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Of all patients with FEP, one-third of individuals recover after FEP; another relapse occurs in onethird of individuals, but these people also usually function well; the final one-third have a more chronic course and are considered people with severe mental illness [5,9]. Globally, the yearly incidence of psychotic disorders is about 15 per 100,000 inhabitants, but this differs geographically between countries and can be based on the urban environment, migration, or drug and alcohol abuse [12,13]. The prevalence of people who meet the diagnostic criteria for a psychotic disorder according to the DSM-5 is around 1.5 to 3.5%, and a significantly larger number experience at least one psychotic symptom in their lifetime [13]. The recent literature shows that, until now, antipsychotic medication has been the cornerstone of treatment since its introduction in the 1960s [14]. Guidelines for psychosis care [5,9] described that the focus of treatment is directed toward symptom management (clinical recovery and medical model). However, recent psychosis care guidelines have adopted a broader understanding of recovery. They provide a neatly organized classification of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments [5,9]. Recovery In psychiatry, the traditional approach involves working from the medical model. This model fundamentally suggests that if an individual presents with complaints, a physician addresses these complaints by clarifying the underlying symptoms. Currently, a paradigm shift towards recovery-oriented care is evolving. Recovery extends beyond merely the absence of clinical symptoms. Recovery in mental healthcare encompasses three domains: clinical, societal, and personal recovery [15]. Clinical recovery in psychosis stems from a perspective with broad symptoms: positive symptoms (i.e., hallucinations), negative symptoms (i.e., demotivation), and cognitive symptoms. All these symptoms might be reflected in the oral health issues of people with psychosis: e.g., a lack of motivation to act, neglecting to consider the issue, or being preoccupied with other matters. The recovery of these clinical symptoms implies a state in which these symptoms are eliminated [16]. Societal recovery involves persons who can fulfil societal roles (i.e., a partner, parent, employee). Often, patients with a psychotic disorder are limited with respect to 1
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