56 Chapter 3 who met the inclusion criteria were informed about the study by their mental health nurse and were asked to complete the questionnaire. A total of 130 patients were eligible for the study of which 49 refused to participate. The 81 remaining patients (response rate = 62%) agreed to participate and were included in the study. The recruitment of the control group was in the same period as the case group, based on quota sampling. Case and control group were matched on gender, age, and educational level [20]. Based on these matching criteria, the control group was recruited from the general population in Leeuwarden (the Netherlands) in shopping malls, on the street, at the University of Applied Sciences, and at sporting associations just until the matching criteria were adequately represented. These respondents were recruited by nursing students (bachelor students in the final phase of their study) under the supervision of a research team (S.K. and N.B.). Individuals from the general population were included if they had no mental health problems. Data collection The following data were collected: 1. demographical data; 2. risk factors: a) general lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, drugs, antipsychotic medication, sugary food/drinks); b) oral health behaviour (brushing frequency, brushing duration, cleaning tools); c) prevention (dentist visits, dental hygienist visits), accessibility of oral health services, and financial possibilities (sufficient money, insurance); 3. oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-49). 1. Socio-demographic data Sociodemographic information included gender, age, educational level, and occupational status. The use of antipsychotic medication was registered as a patient characteristic. 2. Risk factors Risk factors were assessed based upon the prior month as recall period for risk factors in lifestyle in general, smoking, alcohol, illicit drugs, antipsychotic medication, and consumption of sugary food/drinks [4,7,14,21,22]. Risk factors were scored dichotomously (present or absent). If participants marked ‘yes’, this was noted as risk factor. Regarding the frequency of toothbrushing, brushing less than two times a day was scored as a risk factor (Ivory Cross, 2011). Regarding the brushing time, brushing less than two minutes at a time was scored as a risk factor (Ivory
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