81 Oral Health Interventions in Patients with a Mental Health Disorder literature and is thereby a mechanism for findings for mental health professionals [33]. In contrast to a systematic review, a scoping review adopts more flexibility in study selection, e.g., more flexibility with inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the search terms may be redefined during the process and more criteria can be devised post hoc [32,33]. Although a critical appraisal was not mandatory [36], Brien et al. [37] discussed the lack of quality assessment, and thereby the creation of difficulties in interpretation and conclusion, and a lack of quality also limits the uptake of findings into policy and practice [36]. Therefore, to prevent conclusions based on potential bias, a critical appraisal is legitimised. This scoping review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Statement [38–40]. Stage 1. To Identify the Research Question The research question for this scoping review was: “Which oral health interventions aiming to improve oral health in patients with a mental health disorder are described in existing literature?” In this review, ‘oral health’ and ‘mental health disorder’ are defined as follows. In regard to oral health, the definition of Glick et al. [41] will be used. ‘Oral health is multi-faceted and includes the ability to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swallow and convey a range of emotions through facial expressions with confidence and without pain, discomfort and disease of the craniofacial complex. Oral health is a fundamental component of health and physical and mental wellbeing. It exists along a continuum influenced by the values and attitudes of individuals and communities; reflects the physiological, social and psychological attributes that are essential to the quality of life; is influenced by the individual’s changing experiences, perceptions, expectations, and ability to adapt to circumstances.’ [41](p. 229). Mental health disorder is defined as follows: ‘A mental health disorder is a syndrome characterised by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. Mental health disorders are usually associated with significant distress in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expectable or culturally approved 4
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