Left sided Wall Stress Causing Arrhythmia | 207 Characteristics of subjects with MAD and/or MVP are described in Table 3. In two subjects with MAD/MVP, a variant of uncertain significance was found with genetic testing (Table S1). Three subjects with MAD/MVP underwent electrophysiology study. Voltage mapping of the LV was not performed. One subject underwent radiofrequency ablation due to frequent PVCs in the anterolateral RVOT. Seven subjects with MAD/MVP underwent exercise stress testing, zero showed NSVT or multifocal PVCs. Table 2. Comparison between idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) patients and matched controls Characteristics IVF patients (n=72) Controls (n=72) p-value Age, yrs 39 ± 14 41 ± 11 0.290 Female, n(%) 30 (42) 30 (42) 1.000 BSA, m2 2.0 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.2 0.571 Cardiac magnetic resonance LVEF, % 57 ± 15 60 ± 7 0.180 LVEDVi, ml/m2 85 ± 16 93 ± 14 0.005 Late gadolinium enhancement, n (%) 8 (13) n/a n/a Mitral annulus disjunction, n (%) 40 (56) 44 (61) 0.612 - Anterolateral wall (n=141*) 17 (24) 13 (18) 0.417 - Anterior wall (n=132*) 21 (33) 32 (46) 0.156 - Inferior wall (n=135*) 26 (40) 29 (41) 1.000 - Inferolateral wall (n=133*) 7 (11) 1 (1) 0.024 Mitral valve prolapse, n (%) 5 (8) 0 (0) 0.016 Bi-leaflet mitral valve prolapse, n (%) 3 (5) 0 (0) 0.096 Curling sign, n (%) 3 (5) 0 (0) 0.096 Values are, n (%), mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: BSA = body surface area, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDVi = indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume. *Missing values due to unavailable views or insufficient image quality. 10
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