Left sided Wall Stress Causing Arrhythmia | 209 Table 4. Comparison between IVF patients with and without MAD and/or MVP Characteristics IVF with MAD/MVP (n=8) IVF without MAD/MVP (n=64) p-value Age, yrs 38 ± 17 39 ± 14 0.890 LVEF, % 54 ± 15 56 ± 8 0.430 Female, n (%) 4 (50) 25 (39) 0.706 Late gadolinium enhancement, n(%) 1 (13) 7 (13) 1.000 Mitral regurgitation, n (%) 4 (50%) 7 (14%) 0.024 Inverted/biphasic T waves, n (%) 3 (38%) 2 (3%) 0.009 Follow-up data Follow-up duration, yrs 7 [4-11] 7 [2-12] 0.886 PVC count per hour on Holter monitoring, n 228 [71-676] 1 [0-18] 0.016 High PVC burden on ECG, telemetry, exercise test or Holter 6 (75%) 8 (16%) 0.001 LV basal 2 (25%) 0 (0%) n/a RVOT 3 (38%) 3 (6%) n/a Other 0 (0%) 5 (10%) n/a Multiform 1 (12%) 0 (0%) n/a Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia 4 (50%) 17 (31%) 0.423 Appropriate ICD therapy, n (%) 1 (13%) 15 (24%) 0.670 Ventricular tachycardia 1 (13%) 5 (8%) n/a Ventricular fibrillation 0 (0%) 10 (16%) n/a Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 1 (13%) 5 (9%) 0.567 Values are, n (%), mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]. Abbreviations: BSA = body surface area, ECG = electrocardiogram, ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator, LV = left ventricle, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, PVC = premature ventricular complex, RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract. Follow-up The mean follow-up duration of the IVF cohort was seven (IQR 2-12) years. Patients with MAD/ MVP more frequently showed a high PVC burden (6 [75%] vs 7 [13%], p=0.001). In patients with MAD/MVP the PVCs more frequently originated from the basal LV or RVOT (Table S2 and Figure S2). There were no significant differences between IVF patients with MAD/MVP compared to patients without MAD/MVP with regard to the occurrence of non-sustained VTs or appropriate ICD therapy during follow-up (Table 4). Intra- and inter-observer agreement We showed excellent reproducibility of longitudinal MAD distance measurements. The intraobserver agreement on 80 segments from 20 patients was 0.92, 95% CI (0.88 - 0.95), p<0.001 and the inter-observer agreement was also 0.92, 95% CI (0.88 - 0.95), p<0.001. 10
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