68 | Chapter 4 Typical examples of measured and simulated ventricular deformation curves in a control subject and subjects in the subclinical, electrical, and structural AC disease stages are shown in Figure 2. Most healthy controls (n=20, 100%) and subclinical stage subjects (n=12, 67%) had a Type-I deformation pattern and thus showed relatively homogeneous deformation patterns in the three RVfw segments. However, 6 (33%) subclinical subjects had an abnormal Type-II deformation pattern in the RVfw basal segment. Most subjects in the electrical stage showed heterogeneous deformation patterns with predominantly basal abnormalities (Type-II: n=8 (53%) and Type-III: n=3 (20%)), which were even more severe in the structural stage subjects (Type-II: n=10 (29%) and Type-III: n=23 (66%)). Figure 2. Typical regional right ventricular free wall (RVfw) strain patterns Control subjects and most subjects in subclinical stage showed homogeneous strain patterns. Most subjects in the electrical and structural stage showed abnormal heterogeneous strain patterns. Contractility Overall, heterogeneity in regional RVfw contractility was higher in the electrical and structural stage groups compared to the subclinical stage and control groups (control: 9.98±4.27%; subclinical:7.57±4.47%; electrical: 17.23±15.92%; structural: 16.94±13.28%, p=0.011). In general, the basal contractility was lower compared to the apical contractility (Figure 3). A few individuals (n=9, 13%), however, were found to have lower apical than basal contractility. No significant difference was found in average RVfw contractility (control: 363±175 kPa/s ; subclinical: 373±131kPa/s; electrical: 421±167kPa/s; structural: 442±174kPa/s) (p=0.470). Compliance Heterogeneity in regional RVfw compliance was increased in the electrical and structural stage groups compared to the subclinical stage and control groups (control: 9.16±4.84%; subclinical: 10.46±7.11%; electrical: 12.49±9.63%; structural: 18.45±11.00%, p=0.002). On average,
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