2 Role of RAG1 and RAG2 in B-cell development | 49 160. Clark, M. R., Mandal, M., Ochiai, K. & Singh, H. Orchestrating B cell lymphopoiesis through interplay of IL-7 receptor and pre-B cell receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 69–80 (2014). 161. Lazorchak, A. S., Schlissel, M. S. & Zhuang, Y. E2A and IRF-4/Pip promote chromatin modification and transcription of the immunoglobulin kappa locus in pre-B cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 810–821 (2006). 162. Johnson, K. et al. Regulation of immunoglobulin light-chain recombination by the transcription factor IRF-4 and the attenuation of interleukin-7 signaling. Immunity 28, 335–345 (2008). 163. Myers, D. R., Zikherman, J. & Roose, J. P. Tonic Signals: Why Do Lymphocytes Bother? Trends Immunol. 38, 844–857 (2017). 164. Srinivasan, L. et al. PI3 kinase signals BCR-dependent mature B cell survival. Cell 139, 573–586 (2009). 165. Franke, T. F. et al. The protein kinase encoded by the Akt proto-oncogene is a target of the PDGF-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell 81, 727–736 (1995). 166. Aman, M. J., Lamkin, T. D., Okada, H., Kurosaki, T. & Ravichandran, K. S. The inositol phosphatase SHIP inhibits Akt/PKB activation in B cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 33922–33928 (1998). 167. Llorian, M., Stamataki, Z., Hill, S., Turner, M. & Mårtensson, I.-L. The PI3K p110delta is required for down-regulation of RAG expression in immature B cells. J. Immunol. 178, 1981–1985 (2007). 168. Verkoczy, L. et al. Basal B cell receptor-directed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling turns off RAGs and promotes B cell-positive selection. J. Immunol. 178, 6332–6341 (2007). 169. Ta, V. B. T., de Haan, A. B., de Bruijn, M. J. W., Dingjan, G. M. & Hendriks, R. W. Pre-B-cell leukemias in Btk/Slp65-deficient mice arise independently of ongoing V(D)J recombination activity. Leukemia 25, 48–56 (2011). 170. Schram, B. R. et al. B cell receptor basal signaling regulates antigen-induced Ig light chain rearrangements. J. Immunol. 180, 4728–4741 (2008). 171. Sen, R. & Baltimore, D. Inducibility of kappa immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein Nf-kappa B by a posttranslational mechanism. Cell 47, 921–928 (1986). 172. Zinatizadeh, M. R. et al. The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in cancer development and immune diseases. Genes Dis. 8, 287–297 (2021). 173. Verkoczy, L. et al. A role for nuclear factor kappa B/rel transcription factors in the regulation of the recombinase activator genes. Immunity 22, 519–531 (2005). 174. Balkhi, M. Y. et al. IKKα-mediated signaling circuitry regulates early B lymphopoiesis during hematopoiesis. Blood 119, 5467– 5477 (2012). 175. Guo, F., Tänzer, S., Busslinger, M. & Weih, F. Lack of nuclear factor-kappa B2/p100 causes a RelB-dependent block in early B lymphopoiesis. Blood 112, 551–559 (2008). 176. Xie, P., Stunz, L. L., Larison, K. D., Yang, B. & Bishop, G. A. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 is a critical regulator of B cell homeostasis in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunity 27, 253–267 (2007). 177. Sasaki, Y. et al. Canonical NF-kappaB activity, dispensable for B cell development, replaces BAFF-receptor signals and promotes B cell proliferation upon activation. Immunity 24, 729–739 (2006). 178. Vallabhapurapu, S. et al. Nonredundant and complementary functions of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in a ubiquitination cascade that activates NIK-dependent alternative NF-kappaB signaling. Nat. Immunol. 9, 1364–1370 (2008). 179. Vashisht, M. et al. TRAF2/3 deficient B cells resist DNA damage-induced apoptosis via NF-κB2/XIAP/cIAP2 axis and IAP antagonist sensitizes mutant lymphomas to chemotherapeutic drugs. Cell Death Dis. 14, 599 (2023). 180. Paun, A., Claudio, E. & Siebenlist, U. K. Constitutive activation of NF-κB during early bone marrow development results in loss of B cells at the pro-B-cell stage. Blood Adv. 5, 745–755 (2021).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw