5 Diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, and the hypoxic ventilatory response Since the carotid bodies sense insulin in humans, it is plausible that insulin influences hypoxic chemosensitivity, potentially leading to changes in the HVR. Moreover, the carotid body might serve as a conduit through which insulin mediates shifts in autonomic balance and metabolic control. This exploratory and hypothesis-generating investigation aims to increase our understanding of the intricate interplay between insulin, carotid body function, and the autonomic response to insulin in both T2DM patients and HC. To discern the genuine effects of insulin, free from hypoglycemia’s or hyperglycemia’s confounding influences, we measured the HVR during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC). 101
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