Pharmacodynamic Analyses The population predicted pharmacodynamic outcomes and measured pharmacodynamic data points ( ˙VE55) of each individual of the four treatment arms are illustrated in Figure 4.5 on page 81, and Goodness-of-Fit plots are given in Figure 4.6 on page 82. Inspection of the data fits and Goodness-of-Fit plots indicate that the pharmacodynamic model adequately described the data of both opioids. The estimated pharmacodynamic model parameter estimates are given in Table 4.2 on 83. Two relevant observations are that oliceridine displays a 39% higher C50 value than morphine, and the two drugs differ by a factor of 5 in their onset/offset times (t½ke0) with oliceridine being 5 times more rapid than morphine in the transition from plasma to effect site. The time to peak effect was 10.5 min and 56.0 min for oliceridine and morphine, respectively. For both drugs, parameter γ was not significantly different from 1 and therefore fixed to 1. 80
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