139 General discussion Table 7.2. Summary of the profiles identified in the two Q-methodology studies (2) Time 1 (2018) Time 2 (2021) Profile 1 Understandingoriented Profile 2 Assessment-oriented Profile 3 Group-oriented Profile 4 Practice-oriented Profile 1 Success-oriented Profile 2 Developmentoriented Role of students Develop a deep understanding of all aspects of medicine Learn what has to be learned for the assessments Contribute to good atmosphere in study group, and engage with peers on content Prepare for future career in clinical practice Do well on exams and in internships Develop personal and clinically relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes Role of study group Opportunity to learn from other students’ perspectives Ask questions and improve understanding of the content Social network (friends), and social support system Learn collaboration skills needed as a doctor Learn clinical reasoning and interpersonal skills Self-regulate their functioning Role of tutor Motivate students to engage with study material and challenge them to find their own answers Explain the content as a subject matter expert, and be available in case of study delays Observe group process, and give feedback on longterm development of students Start group process, then make themselves obsolete Stimulate understanding and monitor well-being Provide feedback on personal development and stimulate perspective-taking Role of medical school Offer stimulating cases to challenge students Match study assignments with the assessments Provide trust and autonomy to study groups Offer tailored practice opportunities Offer opportunities to practice clinical reasoning skills Develop the person behind the doctor and gain a broad understanding of the medical field 7
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