38 Chapter 2 Profile 1: Understanding-oriented students Profile 1 explains 16% of the study variance. Fifteen students load significantly onto this factor. Role of students Students in profile 1 are intrinsically motivated to broaden and deepen their understanding of everything related to medicine. They want to be challenged via questions, problems, and discussions with others (44 +5). Becoming a good doctor is more important to them than passing exams (25 +1). They are motivated by learning how to analyze and solve all sorts of problems (52 +4). They view themselves as mature learners and accordingly want to be responsible for their own learning, including learning from their own mistakes (36 -4, 46 -1). Role of study groups Students in profile 1 value working together with their peers in study groups (9 -5). For optimal learning, they feel it is the responsibility of all members to do their assignments well and to participate in the learning process (23 0, 33 +3). Members of the study group should not let other activities in their lives interfere with their responsibility to the learning of the group (42 -1). Study groups should ensure that all members feel safe to say what they think, as that provides an extra opportunity to learn from multiple perspectives (28 +5, 48 +4). Students in this profile prioritize learning over the social aspect of study groups (5 -2). Study group meetings can be tailored to students’ wants and needs, making them preferable over large-group lectures (39 -4). As students in this profile value in-depth discussions (29 +2), they do not mind when group meetings run late (3 +1). Role of tutors Tutors’ main task is to motivate students to engage with the material, and challenge them to find their own answers. In fact, tutors should refrain from giving answers as this limits learning (26 +3). Tutors should be passionate, as this motivates students (47 +2). Their role is to facilitate, and not control, the process (32 -4, 1 -1). Tutors do need to have some medical knowledge to facilitate the learning (e.g., by knowing which questions to ask) (37 +2, 51 -3). Role of medical school Medical training should challenge students to learn about the social, ethical, and research side of medicine, and not only be about treating patients (50 +4). There should be space for multiple viewpoints and discussions (34 0, 35 -3, 14 -5). Schools should also develop a system in which students themselves are responsible for learning, which allows making mistakes as part of learning, and that provides trust and autonomy to students to learn in their own way (8 -3).
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