Laparoscopic Bowel Measurement Each participant completed three rounds of 10 measurements on different days, estimating randomly assigned lengths of 150, 180, and 210 cm. The start and endpoints of the measurements were marked with colour coded sutures. Two observers, blinded to the assigned tasks, each measured the actual length of the marked segments outside the laparoscopic box trailer using a tape measure. These measurements were performed immediately after the laparoscopic measurements were completed, to minimize the time difference between the laparoscopic and tape measurements. The bowel was measured with the same technique as the laparoscopic measurements: at the antimesenteric border with the bowel in normal position and without applying traction. The mean of the two tape measure lengths was used as actual measured length. The participants did not receive any feedback on their results until after the experiment to eliminate any influence of learning. Statistical Analysis The individual scores of the participants were presented as mean ± standard deviation. The percentage deviation from the goal lengths were analysed by a mixed model for repeated measures analyses, correcting for the dependency of the repeated measurements. The percentage deviation measured by the metabolic bariatric surgeons were compared to the surgical residents. Individual percentage deviation of the metabolic bariatric surgeons was compared for each measured task. Acceptable variation in small bowel length measurement was defined as less than 10% deviation from the actual bowel length. Unacceptable variation was defined as more than 15% deviation from the actual bowel length (Figure 2). Statistical analyses were assessed in SAS/STAT® software. 6 117 Laparoscopic small bowel length measurement using a hand-over-hand technique
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