Public support for smoke-free policies in outdoor areas and (semi-) private places: a systematic review and meta-analysis 179 4 Author (year) Description of policy Implementation date Implementation level Enforcement Observational period Selection of participants Pederson (2014) Smoke-free bylaw banning smoking of any substance in the city’s park, beaches and recreational facilities in Vancouver, Canada September 1, 2010 Local level Not reported September 15 to 25, 2011 Random digit dialling Vancouver residents, performed by survey research company NRG Research Group Ramachandran (2020) Smoke-free policy at the University of Mississippi, including all indoor and outdoor grounds including residence halls and private vehicles August 1st 2012 Local level Not reported Fall semester 2015Sampling frame based on undergraduate classes in the fall of 2015, short survey provide in a random sample of classes Rashid (2014) Initiative to make Penang, Malaysia a smokes free state, starting with Georg Town World Heritage Site 2011 Local level Not reported Middle 2012 to April 2013 Multistage sampling process at multiple premises (e.g. eating outlets, accommodations, places of worship etc.) Reuband (2014) Support for hypothetical policies - - - 2009 Random sample from Dusseldorf city population register Rhoades (2019) Proposed policy that local municipalities in Oklahoma can enact to make their own properties, indoor and outdoor, tobacco-free Not yet implemented Not reported Not reported 2016 Stratified sampling strategy to equally represent each 6 regions in Oklahoma, landline and telephone interviews Riad-Allen (2017) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) tobacco-free campus policy April 30, 2014 Local level Not reported March 1 to April 29, 2014 (preimplementation), September 1 to November 6, 2014 (soft launch) and march 1 to May 1, 2015 (postimplementation) Staff surveys sent through public affairs office, patient surveys distributed through their clinical teams or volunteers
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