Chapter 2 26 of causes to the total change in partial life expectancy by educational level is seen in Figure 3. These contributions differed strongly by education. Among men, reductions in smoking-attributable mortality contributed to increases in life expectancy. Among women, especially among lower educated women, increases in smoking-attributable mortality contributed negatively to the life expectancy change. Among higher educated women little to no impact of smoking-attributable mortality on changes in life expectancy was observed for Belgium, Estonia, Finland, Lithuania and Spain (Barcelona). Between 2000 and 2020 reductions in mortality due to other causes contributed to increases in life expectancy (among both sexes) except among the lower educated in Lithuania. In many countries, these increases were larger for higher educated individuals. Figure 3: Decomposition of the educational-group specific change in partial life expectancy between age 50 and 80 into smoking-attributable mortality and other-cause mortality between 2000 and 2020. For Lithuania, this is the change in life expectancy between 2004 and 2019.
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