Summary 411 S (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). Eight electronic databases were searched for studies reporting support for (semi-)private and outdoor public smoke-free policies from representative samples of at least 400 respondents aged 16 years and above. In total, 326 measures of support from 896,016 individuals across 33 different countries were found. Of the 107 included studies, 99 were included in the meta-analyses. Support was pooled for indoor private areas (e.g., private cars, homes: 73%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 66–79), indoor semi-private areas (e.g., multi-unit housing: 70%, 95% CI: 48–86), outdoor hospitality areas (e.g., café and restaurant terraces: 50%, 95% CI: 43–56), outdoor nonhospitality areas (e.g., school grounds, playgrounds, parks, beaches: 69%, 95% CI: 64–73), outdoor semi-private areas (e.g., shared gardens: 67%, 95% CI: 53–79) and outdoor private areas (e.g., private balconies: 41%, 95% CI: 18–69). Subcategories showed highest support for smoke-free cars with children (86%, 95%CI 81-89), playgrounds (80%, 95%CI 74-86) and school grounds (76%, 95%CI 69-83). Non-smokers and ex-smokers were more in favour of smokefree policies compared to smokers. Support generally increased over time, and following implementation of each smoke-free policy. This study shows that public support for novel smoke-free policies is high, especially in places frequented by children. Therefore, governments should be reassured about public support for implementation of novel smoke-free policies. To further extend the knowledge on public support for novel smoke-free policies, Chapter 5 looked at temporal changes in public support in the Netherlands. Given the Dutch ambitions to reach a smoke-free generation by 2040 I explored how support has changed in the past years. We analysed annual cross-sectional questionnaires in a representative sample of the Dutch population of over 5500 people for 2018 to 2022. We found that support increased for most smoke-free policies across the study period. In 2022, average support was higher than 65% for all categories of smoke-free places and highest for private cars with children (91%). Regression analyses indicated significant increases in support over time within each category of smoke-free places (OR between 1.09 and 1.17 per year), except for smoke-free private cars with children (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.891.05) where a high-level plateau was reached. Regardless of smoking status, support was high for places where children often go. Accordingly, support for novel smoke-free places in the Netherlands is high and increasing, in particular for places frequented by children. This indicates potential to implement such measures in the Netherlands.
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