45 White matter hyperintensity shape and long-term progression of cerebrovascular disease 3 1.16 (1.02–1.33); p<0.022); higher concavity index (OR: 1.16 (1.02–1.33); p<0.027)). Periventricular/confluent WMH shape at baseline was not significantly associated with new cortical infarcts at follow-up (solidity (OR: 1.27 (0.97–1.65); p=0.078), convexity (OR: 1.04 (0.88–1.22); p=0.652), concavity index (OR: 1.09 (0.92–1.29); p=0.345), fractal dimension (OR: 1.20 (1.00–1.44); p=0.051). 3.4.2 Deep WMH shape and progression of cerebrovascular changes A less elongated and irregular shape of deep WMH at baseline was significantly associated with a larger increase in WMH volume (lower eccentricity (B: 2.02 (1.72– 2.33); p<0.001); higher fractal dimension (B: 2.09 (1.78–2.41); p<0.001)), and with new cortical infarcts at follow-up (lower eccentricity (OR: 1.30 (1.10–1.55); p<0.003); higher fractal dimension (OR: 1.31 (1.11–1.55); p=0.001)) (Table 3 and supplementary figure S.3.9.2 and S.3.9.7). Furthermore, a less elongated shape of deep WMH was associated with new microbleeds at follow-up (lower eccentricity: OR:1.14 (1.01–1.27); p=0.027). Baseline deep WMH shape markers were not significantly associated with new subcortical infarcts, new enlarged perivascular spaces, or new cerebellar infarcts at follow-up. WMH shape markers in participants with or without cerebrovascular changes can be found in supplementary figure S.3.9.3 to S.3.9.7. 3.4.3 WMH volume and progression of cerebrovascular changes A higher baseline WMH volume was significantly associated with a larger increase in WMH volume over 5.2 years (B: 4.05 (3.77–4.33); p<0.001); Table 3.3). Moreover, a higher baseline WMH volume was associated with new subcortical infarcts (OR: 2.26 (1.75–2.92); p<0.001), new microbleeds (OR: 1.52 (1.35–1.70); p<0.001), new cerebellar infarcts (OR: 1.25 (1.09–1.42); p<0.001), and new cortical infarcts at follow-up (OR: 1.44 (1.21–1.72); p<0.001), but not with new enlarged perivascular spaces at followup (OR: 1.28 (0.99–1.64); p=0.058).
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